physics

Constructing a piano tone from sine wave

Sobrang mahal kasi ng piano kaya ito na lang ginawa ko. Ang tawag ko dito ay precision music (tingnan din ang aking precision art).

Sine wave

Sine wave + 50% 1st harmonic

Sine wave + 50% 2nd harmonic

Sine wave + 50% 3rd harmonic

Sine wave + 50% 4th harmonic

Sine wave + 50% 1st harmonic + 33% 2nd harmonics

Sine wave + 50% 1st harmonic + 33% 2nd harmonics + 25% 3rd harmonic

Sine wave + 50% 1st harmonic + 33% 2nd harmonics + 25% 3rd harmonic + 20% 4th harmonic

Suppose when a key is pressed an instrument produces a note with 21%, 8%, 21%, and 8% 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonics, respectively.

Sine wave + 21% 1st harmonic + 8% 2nd harmonics + 21% 3rd harmonic + 8% 4th harmonic

In reality, a note has to start and end at zero amplitudes--it has zero amplitude right before the key was pressed and zero amplitude after the note has died down. Right after the key was pressed, the amplitude shots up to maximum and suppose it decays to zero afterwards in a sort of exponential manner.

Sine wave + 21% 1st harmonic + 8% 2nd harmonics + 21% 3rd harmonic + 8% 4th harmonic

Two successive half-notes have frequency ratios of 2^(1/12). Using the note we constructed above for middle C, we can construct the entire keyboard by stretching or compressing the wave. The result below only plays the middle octave.

Do-Re-Mi-Fa-So-La-Ti-Do

and combining these notes, I constructed the following composition.
Composition No. 1

How much of each of the first four harmonics were used to generate the tones for the following sound?







BONUS: Raising a sine wave to a power. Techno?
Square-root-of-sine wave

Tenth-root-of-sine wave

Square-sine wave

5th-power-sine wave

10th-power-sine wave

Ang mapagmasid na mga bata

Katatapos lang sukatin ng dalawang bata ang ihip ng hangin. Nagpapahinga sila sa isang burol. Dumaan ang isang tren, maingay at matindi ang usok habang tumatakbo, samantalang ang hangin na dinadaanan nito ay tuloy-tuloy lang at walang kupas sa pag-ihip.

"Gaano kabilis ang hangin ayon sa ating instrumento?" tanong ng batang lalaki.

"20 kilometers per hour."

"Sapat na yan para malaman ko kung gaano kabilis ang tren."

"Paano?" Nagdududa ang batang babae.

"Ang gawin mo lang ay tingnan ng maigi ang galaw ng tren."

Nag-isip ang babae at nahulaan din nya ito.

Ang nakita nila ay siya ding makikita mo sa larawan. Gaano kabilis ang tren?

Lumpia at Bénard cells

Namiss ko na ang napakacommon na pagkain sa pinas pag may okasyon: lumpia. So pumunta ako sa Amazing Oriental store para makahanap ng ingredients at nakita ko ang lumpia mix ng Mama Sita. Pagkatapos maluto ang lumpia at lumamig ang pinaglutuang mantika, sinalin ko ang mantika sa lalagyan para magamit ulit sa susunod na lutuan. Medyo may kainitan pa ang stove nung pinatong ko ulit ang kaldero na may kaunting mantika na natira. Ito ang nakita ko sa kaldero nang kukunin ko na sana para linisin. Bénard cells! Webcam lang meron ako kaya walang flash at medyo madilim.

Limit cycle model is not enough

Recent article (PDF) by Alexander Skupin and Michael Falcke showed that calcium ions are not cellular oscillators. Their result also proved that limit cycle oscillations are not enough to describe experimental data, suggesting that spatial components must be accounted for in the model. Click the picture below to read the caption.

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